![]() ![]() In geographical terms, Susiana basically represents the Iranian province of Khuzestan around the river Karun. This became Middle Persian: □□□ ( hūz) "Susiana", and in modern Persian: خوز ( xuz), compounded with the toponymic suffix -stån "place". The name Khuzestān is derived ultimately from Old Persian: □□□ ( hūja) meaning Susa/Elam. In prehistory, Elam was centered primarily in modern Khuzestān and Ilam. Įxonyms included the Sumerian names NIM.MA ki□□□ and ELAM, the Akkadian Elamû (masculine/neuter) and Elamītu (feminine) meant "resident of Susiana, Elamite". The Elamite language endonym of Elam as a country appears to have been Hatamti ( in Linear Elamite), or Haltami ( Cuneiform Elamite: □□□□□ haltamti). 6.1 Suggested relations to other language families.3.3 Trade with the Indus Valley civilization.In accordance with geographical and archaeological matches, some historians argue that the Elamites comprise a large portion of the ancestors of the modern day Lurs whose language, Luri, split from Middle Persian. Elamite is generally considered a language isolate unrelated to any other languages. Its culture played a crucial role during the Persian Achaemenid dynasty that succeeded Elam, when the Elamite language remained among those in official use. In the Old Elamite period ( Middle Bronze Age), Elam consisted of kingdoms on the Iranian plateau, centered in Anshan, and from the mid-2nd millennium BC, it was centered in Susa in the Khuzestan lowlands. The emergence of written records from around 3000 BC also parallels Sumerian history, where slightly earlier records have been found. Įlam was part of the early urbanization of the Near East during the Chalcolithic period (Copper Age). In classical literature, Elam was also known as Susiana ( US: / ˌ s uː ʒ i ˈ æ n ə/ UK: / ˌ s uː z i ˈ ɑː n ə/ Ancient Greek: Σουσιανή Sousiānḗ), a name derived from its capital Susa. Elamite states were among the leading political forces of the Ancient Near East. The modern name Elam stems from the Sumerian transliteration elam(a), along with the later Akkadian elamtu, and the Elamite haltamti. Elam ( / ˈ iː l ə m/ Linear Elamite: hatamti Cuneiform Elamite: □□□□□ ḫalatamti Sumerian: □□ elam Akkadian: □□□ elamtu Hebrew: עֵילָם ʿēlām Old Persian: □□□ hūja) was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a small part of southern Iraq. ![]()
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